¹Epidemiologic literature on drugs other than alcohol is reviewed in Chapter 5.

Figure 3-1: Drug Detection Periods in Various Specimens, bar chart with x scale reading "minutes, hours, days, weeks, months"

intoxication - 0 - hours

impairment - 0 - hours

under the influence - 0 - days

blood - 0 - hours

saliva - 0 - hours (almost days)

urine - 0 - days

sweat - 0 - days

hair - days - months

Figure 5-1: Percent of Fatally Injured Drivers Tested Positive for Various Drugs - Reviewed North American Studies, graph with error bars, x - axis - "drug", scale is "narcotics, benzodiazepines, barbituates, cocaine, amphetamines, cannabis", y - axis is "percent", scale - 0 - 40, error bars are "high, low, mean"

Figure 5-2: Mean Percent of Fatally Injured Drivers Tested Positive for Various Drugs - Reviewed North American and Foreign Studies, bar graph, x - axis - "drug", scale is "narcotics, benzodiazepines, barbituates, cocaine, amphetamines, cannabis", y - axis is "percent", scale - 0 - 16, data are "north american" and "foreign"

Figure 5-3: Mean Percent of Drivers Tested Positive for Various Drugs by Type of Injury -
Reviewed North American Studies, bar graph, x - axis - "drug", scale is "narcotics, benzodiazepines, cocaine, amphetamines, cannabis", y - axis is "percent", scale - 0 - 20, data are "fatal injury" and "non-fatal injury"

Figure 5-4: Relative Crash Risk of Various Drugs by Type of Study Averaged Across Reviewed Studies, bar graph, x - axis - "drug", scale is "narcotics, benzodiazepines, cocaine, other stimulants, cannabis", y - axis is "relative risk", scale - 0 - 3.0, data are "single studies" and "separate studies"

Figure 5-5: Percent of Drug-Positive Drivers Amoung Drivers Stopped or Arrested for DUID by Country, bar graph, x - axis - "drug", scale is "narcotics, benzodiazepines, barbituates, cocaine, amphetamines, cannabis, pcp", y - axis is "percent", scale - 0 - 35, data are "us" and "foreign"